Armed with new-age technology and automation, the future pathology laboratories are almost here paving the way for greater efficiency, flexibility, and connectivity. Driven by advancements in automation, next-gen- technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), robots, cobots, integration, collaboration, and beyond, In the future, human free fully integrated pathology labs seem an exciting possibility. While the complete absence of human involvement may not be feasible or desirable in all aspects of pathology, many processes can be automated and technology based.

Both Automation and Artificial intelligence (AI), are at a relatively early stage in terms of their maturity – especially AI, which isn’t currently well integrated into the analytical labs.

Automation is easier to implement at most stages of laboratory workflows with high availability of platforms with application, but applications of AI, Machine Learning, intelligent robotic lab assistants and augmented & virtual reality are still emerging and not yet mainstream – likely because AI often requires a more specialized depth of expertise and access to large amounts of high-quality data. In the future, all these technologies will be transformative in their ability to interpret complex data and improve outcomes. Though it’s not realistic to expect a lab to be fully automated and digital overnight, we are seeing steady progress – with analytical lab instruments, workflows, and services becoming more intelligent with each new generation.

Automation in the lab today is driven by the goal of increasing sample throughput via a reduction in per-sample hands-on time, Increasing the number of analyses from a single sample, and improving lab productivity. We are probably heading for a situation where one sample droplet may generate hundreds of test results and a massive data set!

AI-directed automation will herald a new world for the pathology laboratory of the future – a goal that evolves as technology advances. But let us not forget, that the future offers few guarantees. It tends to improve over time but can also spring up, shocking issues. After making gradual inroads in recent years, AI is suddenly appearing in a new light. Autonomous labs that link AI-based data analysis to robotic synthesis and validation are being demonstrated especially in research institutes. The labs have a new process flow and work environment, in which machines perform most of the traditional functions.

The lab of the future is almost here but making it practical still needs lots of effort. There are complications and multiple challenges involving science, hardware, software, engineering, attitudes, and human thoughts. It is much beyond a science fiction story. In any case, as technological advancement continues there is hardly any threat to the human.

Imagination, ideas, and creativity will remain human forever.

As technology and innovations, advance a ‘Self-driving or Self guided laboratory’ is another practical capability .‘Self-guided’ – means within boundaries set by human scientists with AI-directed automation which complements pathologists & human scientists, rather than replacing them.

The concept of a ‘Self-driving’ pathology laboratory raises both possibilities and challenge. While it may seem like a futuristic concept, advancements in autonomous technology loaded with disruptive innovations make it an intriguing possibility.

We all are aware that, the development of self driving vehicles. Applying this technology to healthcare, specifically pathology laboratories, is feasible but would require significant research, development, and regulatory approvals.

Imagining a self-driving pathology laboratory can indeed evoke a sense of wonder and amusement. The idea of a mobile lab cruising down the street, robots collecting samples, automatic machines carrying out analysis, integrated sensors tracking the reaction and analyzing the results, and then deciding what experiment to do next. This seems like science fiction, but certain truths may be closer than you think, and conducting tests might bring a smile to our faces. It reflects the excitement and anticipation associated with the evolving future of healthcare and the potential for groundbreaking advancements that can positively impact our lives.

Self-driving or Self-guided laboratory – An idea of removing all human elements in experimentation seems horrifying to some or attractive to others. But certain technological innovations are here today and it may seem like a dream at present, but it has the potential to become a reality with time and continued advancements. The idea has potential positives and negatives too.

Potential Benefits: A self driving pathology laboratory could revolutionize the healthcare landscape by offering –

• Improved accessibility – Doorstep medical testing capabilities, enhance convenience, particularly for individuals in remote areas or with limited mobility, and reduces barriers to healthcare.
• Maximizing efficiency and providing round-the-clock diagnostic services even in the neighborhood. With automated navigation, a self-driving lab could optimize routes, reducing travel time and improving efficiency in delivering test results. This could lead to faster diagnoses and timely treatment.
• Cost Reduction: By eliminating the need for human drivers, a self-driving lab could potentially reduce operational costs associated with transportation. This might make diagnostic services more affordable for patients.
• Consistency and Accuracy: Automation can minimize human error and ensure consistent quality in sample handling and analysis. A self-driving lab could adhere to standardized protocols, reducing the risk of human mistakes.

Challenges: Implementing a self-driving pathology laboratory would come with many challenges as under –

• Technological Challenges: Developing and implementing self-driving technology for a mobile laboratory presents complex technical and regulatory challenges. Ensuring reliable, accurate, and safe navigation in various road conditions, weather, breakdown, avoiding obstacles, and traffic regulations would require very advanced systems.
• Integrating and interfacing challenges: The advanced diagnostic equipment would require sophisticated technology, robust systems, and real-time IT support.
• Sample Integrity: Maintaining the integrity of samples during transportation is crucial for accurate test results. Adequate measures would need to be in place to ensure proper temperature control, sample protection, and prevention of contamination or degradation.
• Emergency Situations: In the event of technical malfunctions or emergencies, a self-driving lab might face limitations in providing immediate assistance or adapting to unforeseen circumstances. Human intervention or backup systems will be necessary to address such situations effectively.

Public Acceptance and Trust: Acceptance and trust in autonomous systems, particularly in critical healthcare services, can be a significant hurdle. It raises ethical questions too. Safeguarding patient privacy, maintaining data security, and addressing potential biases in algorithms are vital aspects to address. Ensuring that ethical standards and patient well-being are prioritized throughout the development and implementation process is essential.

Pathology laboratories rely on highly skilled professionals who possess in-depth knowledge and expertise in handling and analyzing samples. While automation can improve efficiency, it is important to strike a balance between technology and human involvement. Incorporating autonomous systems should aim to enhance the work of healthcare professionals rather than replace them entirely. Overcoming many other challenges would be crucial to ensure the reliability and safety of the laboratory’s operations.

In conclusion, while a self driving pathology laboratory may currently seem more like a dream, it represents an intriguing possibility for the future of healthcare. It offers potential benefits but also requires careful consideration of various challenges and the essential role of human expertise. As automation, innovation, and integration of technology, continues to advance, it is exciting to envision the positive changes it may bring to healthcare delivery and patient experiences.

Views expressed by Dr Ravi Gaur, Founder & Director, DRG Path Labs, New Delhi

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