The pathology specialists and multinational chain of diagnostic centres of Metropolis Healthcare have conducted a comprehensive analysis of over 10,21,352 samples that were processed for fasting blood sugar for over the last three years.

The in-depth analysis revealed that over 60 per cent of all samples from male and 51 per cent of samples from female were diabetic. In addition, over 28 per cent of the samples analysed from children between the age group 0-12 was found to be diabetic.

 (As per American Diabetes Association Guidelines 2014, Normal :< 100, Impaired Tolerance: 100-   125, Diabetes Mellitus: >=126)

Dr Sonali Kolte, General Manager, Medico Marketing said, India is already infamous as the diabetic capital of the world and the incidence is increasing due to various factors, such as unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity, family history and stress. Diabetes is a lifelong condition and requires regular monitoring. People with diabetes are susceptible to kidney dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases, neurological problems and much more. Hence, diabetics need to undergo regular tests and monitoring to ensure that all their vital parameters are normal

According to statistics from International Diabetes Federation, India Chapter around 65.1 million people in 2015 are affected with diabetes compared to 50.8 million in 2010. It is expected to reach around 69.9 million by 2025.

There are three types of diabetes:

1. Type 1 Diabetes – The body does not produce insulin. Approximately 10 per cent of all diabetes cases are type 1. A healthy eating plan, adequate exercise, and insulin intake can lead a normal life.

2. Type 2 Diabetes -In type 2 diabetes your body does not use insulin properly. This is called insulin resistance. At first, your pancreas makes extra insulin to make up for it. But, over time it isn’t able to keep up and can’t make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels. Approximately 90 per cent of all cases of diabetes worldwide are of this type. It often results from excess body weight and physical inactivity. Healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.

3. Gestational Diabetes – This type affects females during pregnancy, usually around the 24th week “ many women develop gestational diabetes. A diagnosis of gestational diabetes doesn’t mean that you had diabetes before you conceived, or that you will have diabetes after giving birth. When you have gestational diabetes, your pancreas works overtime to produce insulin, but the insulin does not lower your blood glucose levels. Although insulin does not cross the placenta, glucose and other nutrients do. So extra blood glucose goes through the placenta, giving the baby high blood glucose levels. This causes the baby’s pancreas to make extra insulin to get rid of the blood glucose. Since the baby is getting more energy than it needs to grow and develop, the extra energy is stored as fat. This can lead to macrosomia, or a “fat” baby. Babies with macrosomia face health problems of their own, including damage to their shoulders during birth.

With type 1 diabetes, the symptoms usually happen quickly, in a matter of days or a few weeks. They’re much more severe, too. The most common diabetes symptoms include frequent urination, intense thirst and hunger, weight gain, unusual weight loss, fatigue, cuts and bruises that do not heal male sexual dysfunction, numbness and tingling in hands and feet. It is advisable to get your blood & urine checks done immediately, if you suffer from any of the above symptoms.

Treatment for all types of diabetes is available. Diabetes type 1 lasts a lifetime, there is no known cure. Type 2 usually lasts a lifetime; however, some people have managed to get rid of their symptoms without medication, through a combination of exercise, diet and body weight control. If diabetes is not adequately controlled the patient has a significantly higher risk of developing complications related to cardiovascular diseases, neurological problems and many more.

Being overweight, physically inactive and eating the wrong foods all contribute to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. If you are overweight or obese, you are at greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes, alterations of hormones such as leptin, cortisol, adiponectin involved in food intake can lead to obesity. It is important to check these hormones if you are obese or overweight. Obesity appears to spreading across India in part at least as a result of processed Western food. Indias economic boom has been accompanied by a meteoric increase in the number of people with diabetes.

Even if the prence of obesity remains stable until 2030, which seems unlikely, it is anticipated that the number of people with diabetes will more than double as a consequence of population aging and urbanization.

In association with increasing diabetes prence, mortality will inevitably result in increasing proportions of deaths from cardiovascular disease, as well as increased prence and associated consequences of other complications of diabetes. A concerted initiative is required to address the diabetes epidemic.

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