The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has officially recognized a distinct form of diabetes, termed “Type 5 diabetes,” addressing the long-neglected condition associated with malnutrition, primarily affecting lean individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This landmark decision, announced at the IDF World Diabetes Congress in Bangkok, marks a significant step towards improved diagnosis, treatment, and research for this underrecognized disease.

Type 5 diabetes, previously poorly understood and often misdiagnosed as Type 1, is characterized by a profound defect in insulin secretion rather than insulin resistance, distinguishing it from Type 2 diabetes. This new classification stems from extensive research led by Dr. Meredith Hawkins of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, who has advocated for its recognition for over a decade.  

“The designation of Type 5 diabetes is crucial for the healthcare industry to acknowledge and address the unique challenges faced by these patients; This formal recognition will drive research, develop tailored treatment protocols, and improve patient outcomes in regions where malnutrition-related diabetes is prevalent,” stated Dr. Peter Schwarz, President of the IDF. 

Key research findings, including studies published in Diabetes Care, have demonstrated that Type 5 diabetes presents distinct metabolic profiles compared to Type 1 and Type 2. Patients often exhibit a low Body Mass Index (BMI) and require specialized treatment approaches, including careful insulin management and tailored nutritional strategies.

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A dedicated Type 5 Diabetes Working Group, co-chaired by Dr. Hawkins, has been established to develop diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines over the next two years. This initiative aims to equip healthcare professionals with the necessary tools to accurately diagnose and effectively manage Type 5 diabetes, ultimately improving the quality of life for millions affected worldwide.

“This recognition signifies a turning point in how we approach diabetes care in underserved populations; By acknowledging the unique pathophysiology of Type 5 diabetes, we can drive targeted research and develop interventions that address the specific needs of these patients,” said Dr. Hawkins. 

The IDF’s decision is expected to catalyze increased research funding, pharmaceutical development, and healthcare resource allocation for Type 5 diabetes, fostering collaboration among healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers globally.

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