In a groundbreaking discovery, researchers at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), an autonomous institution under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), have identified unique DNA structures in the Mpox virus (MPV) genome, paving the way for precise diagnostic tools and innovative therapeutic interventions.

The Mpox virus, a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) pathogen, has recently gained global attention due to its widespread outbreaks and its declaration as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) twice in the last three years. This urgent situation has highlighted the need for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic solutions to address gaps in understanding its transmission and symptoms.

Unlocking the Potential of G-Quadruplex Structures

The researchers identified noncanonical DNA structures called G-quadruplexes (GQs), which form in guanine-rich regions of DNA. Unlike traditional double-helix structures, GQs are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between guanines, creating unique four-stranded conformations. These structures, found within highly conserved regions of the Mpox genome, are absent in other poxviruses and human DNA, making them ideal targets for diagnostics and treatment.

Leveraging this discovery, the team developed a novel fluorescent molecular probe, termed BBJL, which enhances fluorescence by over 250-fold upon binding to the GQ structures in the Mpox genome. This groundbreaking probe enables ultra-sensitive and specific detection of the virus, overcoming limitations of conventional PCR-based methods that can struggle with non-specific amplification.

Transforming Mpox Diagnostics and Therapeutics

The BBJL probe represents a significant leap forward in diagnostics, offering unparalleled accuracy in identifying Mpox infections. The researchers demonstrated its ability to precisely detect Mpox-derived GQs, setting a new standard for viral detection.

Beyond diagnostics, the discovery of these conserved GQ sequences opens new avenues for therapeutic development. By targeting these unique DNA structures, scientists envision creating antiviral agents capable of inhibiting Mpox replication, laying the foundation for a novel class of treatments.

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Expanding the Horizon of GQ-Based Research

This breakthrough builds on earlier research by the JNCASR team, which used G-quadruplex structures for detecting SARS-CoV-2 through their GQ-RCP (G-quadruplex targeted reliable conformation polymorphism) platform. Expanding the application to Mpox showcases the versatility and potential of GQ-targeted approaches in addressing diverse viral challenges.

The team continues to explore additional GQ targets within the Mpox genome, aiming to broaden the scope of GQ-based solutions. Their work underscores the promise of using GQs not just for diagnostics but also as therapeutic targets to combat viral infections effectively.

Advancing Public Health Impact

This innovative GQ-targeted diagnostic approach offers a faster, more reliable, and highly specific method to detect Mpox infections, potentially aiding in early outbreak containment and reducing transmission risks. The probe’s precision and adaptability make it a valuable addition to global surveillance and response efforts.

JNCASR’s discovery highlights the critical role of cutting-edge scientific research in addressing pressing global health concerns. By unlocking the potential of G-quadruplex structures, the research sets a new benchmark for the development of advanced diagnostics and therapeutics, offering hope for improved management of Mpox and other viral threats.

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